Dictionaries

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Dictionaries

A dictionary is a built-in data structure in Python that stores data in key-value pairs. It is also known as an associative array or hash map in other languages. Dictionaries are unordered, mutable, and do not allow duplicate keys.

Each item in a dictionary has a key and a value, separated by a colon : and enclosed in curly braces {}.

Example:

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student = {"name": "John", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}

In this dictionary:

"name", "age", and "grade" are keys

"John", 20, and "A" are values

Key Features:

Fast access using keys.

Keys are unique but values can repeat.

Can store any data type as value.

Allows nesting, i.e., dictionaries within dictionaries.

Common Operations:

Access value: student["name"] → "John"

Add item: student["city"] = "New York"

Update value: student["age"] = 21

Delete item: del student["grade"]

Get all keys: student.keys()

Get all values: student.values()

Loop through dictionary:

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for key, value in student.items():

    print(key, value)

Dictionaries are widely used for storing structured data, such as JSON, database records, and configuration settings.

Dictionaries make data retrieval fast and efficient, especially when quick lookup is needed based on custom keys.

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